The business sector welcomes the progress achieved with the tax reform approval in the first debate, but notes that it does not fully solve the financial problems facing the government.
In the debate last Friday, the representatives approved the file number 20.580, known as the tax reform law. The approval was optimistically received by the Costa Rican Union of Chambers and Associations of Private Business Sector (Uccaep). However, they affirm that several adjustments should be made to public spending to achieve long-term solutions.
"Public debt in terms of simple average for the Central American region will continue growing, reaching 43.1% of GDP in 2018, after having registered 42.5% in 2017."
The Central American Institute of Fiscal Studies (Icefi) estimates that for the current year the size of public expenditure of the Central Government in relation to the respective Gross Domestic Product of each country will be 21.4% in Costa Rica, 20.4% in El Salvador, 20% in Honduras, 18.4% in Nicaragua, 17.6% in Panama and 12.1% in Guatemala.
Entrepreneurs in Costa Rica are warning of the negative impact of not maintaining, in the new law of public finances, the VAT exemption on local purchases of goods and services carried out by free zone companies.
The Association of Free Trade Zone Companies of Costa Rica (Azofras) points out that in the bill to strengthen public finances that is being discussed in the Assembly, motion 302 was not revised, a motion which aims to keep the VAT exemption on the local purchases of goods and services carried out by free zone companies, both to be incorporated into export products and for their operations.Currently the sales tax exemption applies.
In Costa Rica, companies in the agricultural and fishing sectors will not have to use the mandatory electronic receipt system until October 2019.
The government has decided to postpone the entry into force of the electronic receipt system for these two sectors, with the aim of having more time to better implement the system and solve the problem of internet access that several producers claim to have.
Food companies in Costa Rica say that eliminating VAT from the basic basket in the tax reform proposal would create an incentive for imported foods, over and above local production.
The Costa Rican Chamber of the Food Industry (Cacia) reacted to the decision of the deputies to exempt VAT of 1% and 2% on the products of the basic basket in the Bill of Strengthening of Public Finances, which is being discussed in the Assembly.
Leaving out VAT on private education and the basic basket, the substitute text of the bill to Strengthen Public Finances was approved in the legislative committee.
The controversial substitute text of the Bill Strengthening Public Finance that has already passed the first filter, and may now be analyzed by the Plenary of the Assembly, left out two of the taxes that the Alvarado administration intended to implement in its plan: VAT of 1% and 2% on products in the basic basket and 2% on private education services.
The high level of financing and the economic slowdown explain the increase in the fiscal deficit of the central government, which at the end of July reached 3.3% of GDP, the highest in the last six years.
The decrease in tax revenues, due to a slowdown in economic activity, added to the high level of government debt, explained the strong rebound in the fiscal deficit in the first half of the year.Of the total deficit, about two thirds correspond to interest.
The new tax reform proposal being discussed in Costa Rica raises capital gains tax from 8% to 15%, and also excludes recognising as a debt deposits made by issuers in the securities market.
In the view of the National Stock Exchange (BNV), not recognizing deposits made in the stock market as debt leaves it at a clear disadvantage, compared to banks, as a source of financing for companies.Not only does it compromise access to investors' savings, it also significantly limits companies and individuals investment options.
In Costa Rica, more than 20 companies have complained that performance of the Ministry of Finance's electronic receipt system is very poor and that it collapses when companies such as telephone companies process receipts on a large scale at the beginning of the month.
The proposal to increase the tax on interest on financial investments in Costa Rica could eventually make credit more expensive for both the private sector and the government.
In the view of the National Securities Exchange (BNV) it is worrisome that initiatives such as an increase in tax on income from financial investments are being discussed without knowing in detail and clearly the impact that something like this could have on the stock market and the country's financial activities.
In Costa Rica, the law on incentives to import these types of vehicles has been in force for six months, but agencies are not able to take advantage of the exoneration because the Treasury has not yet adapted its customs computer system.
Although the "Law of Incentives and Promotion for Electric Transport" came into force six months ago, distributors are still facing obstacles to complete the importation processes under the new tax benefits scheme.
Lack of Internet access in some areas of Costa Rica is hindering use of the electronic receipt issuance system, which in November must be implemented by all companies.
In March the Ministry of Finance reported that between September and November of this year all companies in the country had to start using the compulsory electronic billing system.
The new tax reform proposal presented by the Ministry of Finance of Costa Rica includes the creation of a global income system to impose and collect a tax on the profits of companies and individuals.
Taxing all of the profits of natural and legal persons, including those currently paid separately by the identity code income method, is the principal new feature of the new tax reform plan presented by the Ministry of Finance.
In order to facilitate the formalization of more companies, in Costa Rica the private sector has proposed to the government the implementation of a fiscal amnesty exclusively for the informal sector.
The regulation that grants tax benefits on imports of electric cars has come into force in Costa Rica, and according to agencies it will help final prices to fall between $5 thousand and $10 thousand per unit.
The regulation that will allow the entry into force of the law was published in La Gaceta, and will enable electric vehicles that have been held in Costa Rican customs offices to be released.
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