In Costa Rica, since July 2020 the producer price index for the manufacturing sector started to report increases, a situation that could lead to a rise in sales prices and simultaneously to a fall in the quantity of products traded.
Between December 2019 and June 2020, the producer price index for the manufacturing sector (IPP-MAN) reported negative year-on-year variations.
Following the reactivation of China's economy in mid-2020, the Asian giant has monopolized a good part of the raw materials demanded by industry, a situation that is pushing up costs and generating uncertainty among Central American businessmen.
Due to the pandemic generated by the covid-19 outbreak, production in China was considerably interrupted during the first semester of 2020.
The Panama Chamber of Commerce requested the Panama Canal Authority to postpone the start of collection of the fee for the use of fresh water in the Canal, which would begin to be paid on February 15, 2020.
On January 13, the Panama Canal Authority announced that this year "... the value of water will be incorporated into the line of other maritime services through a charge for fresh water, which will depend on the availability of the resource at the time of the vessel's transit. The freshwater charge is applicable to all vessels over 125 feet in length that transit the Canal:
From 2020 onwards, the fuel used by ships worldwide should not exceed 0.5% sulphur concentration, forcing transporters to consume higher priced fuels, which could become even more expensive because of increased demand.
From January 1, 2020, the concentration of sulphur in the fuel consumed by maritime transport vessels must not exceed 0.5%, a limit that until now was at 3.5%.
In a competitive scenario for lower costs and higher productivity, devaluation against the Lempira Dollar in Honduras and the Cordoba Dollar in Nicaragua is a factor that could help these economies stay competitive.
In the last five years, the exchange rate in Honduras increased by 17%, from 21.06 Lempiras per U.S. dollar in June 2014 to 24.67 in the same month in 2019.
The costs incurred by businessmen in Nicaragua, because of excessive procedures and low efficiency of foreign trade systems is 25% additional to the value of the goods, while in El Salvador and Costa Rica, amounts to 18% and 16%, respectively.
A study by the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) specifies that the costs paid by businessmen in Nicaragua, because of excessive procedures and low efficiency of foreign trade systems is 25.3% additional to the value of the goods, followed by El Salvador with 18.3%, Costa Rica with 16.3%, Honduras with 15.8%, Guatemala with 14% and Panama with 9%.
The VAT that will be gradually collected in Costa Rica over four years would put tourism businesses in a disadvantageous position, since they will have to increase product prices or reduce their profits.
The implementation of Value Added Tax (VAT) will be done gradually, from 0% in the first year, 4% in the second year, 8% in the third year and 13% from the fourth year, a situation that would make the operation of tourism companies more expensive.
After nine days of strikes by public officials in Costa Rica, tour operators, hotels and restaurants in different parts of the country are reporting that reservations are being cancelled and sales are plummeting.
The strike being promoted by the country's public unions started on Monday, September 6, and has already caused millions of dollars worth of losses due to multiple road blocks and acts of sabotage in the fuel distribution chain, among other coercive measures.
Following a week of strikes by public unions in Costa Rica, the private sector is demanding that authorities act faster and prevent public roads from being blockaded.
In the face of the strike led by public unions in the country, which has now been ongoing for more than seven days, the Costa Rican Union of Chambers and Associations of the Private Business Sector (UCCAEP) is demanding that the government act quickly and avoid further blockades on public roads.
While in 2012 a company had to pay about $50 for the export formalities, up to September this year, that amount was $125.
Export procedures include certificates of origin, phytosanitary certificates, commercial invoices, fumigation, cargo insurance, among other things, according to the Foreign Trade Promotion Office (Procomer).
Lander Roman, an export logistics analyst at Procomer told Nacion.com that "...
Foreign sales in the first four months of the year totaled $467 million, below the $543 million generated from sales abroad in the same period in 2013.
The cost of electricity, changes in the exchange rate, the price of raw materials and competition from informal firms are part of the factors that explain part of the drop in foreign sales in this industry.
The CEO of the multinational confirmed that the closure of the plant did not respond to reasons of global strategy but to the high operating costs in the country.
An article in Crhoy.com reports that in a presentation for employees of the company, the executive director of Intel, Brian Krzanich said that "the decision in Costa Rica was not part of plans to reduce the company's overall payroll but 'had more to do with the cost of this operation, the long-term operational cost of the plant. We spent several years working with the Government of Costa Rica, trying to reduce the overall cost of this operation.'"
Employers are complaining that the cost of electricity is the factor which is pushing up production costs the most.
From a press release issued by the Costa Rican Union of Chambers and Associations of Private Business Sector (UCCAEP):
"The cost of electricity is the factor that is pushing up production costs for companies in Costa Rica the most. This was demonstrated in the first quarterly business survey 'Business Pulse', carried out by the Costa Rican Union of Chambers and Associations Private Business Sector (UCCAEP).
Increased production costs and increased international competition have forced 71% of producers to turn to other crops.
The reasons for this, explained Monica Segnini, president of the Chamber of Exporters of Costa Rica (Cadexco ) are first "the exchange rate and the appreciation of the colon over the last three years, added to which is the increase in production costs".
An ECLAC study has revealed that companies in Guatemala and El Salvador pay the highest costs because of organized crime in Latin America.
According to data from the Global Competitiveness Index 2012-13, analyzed by the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), in its report on safety in the logistics sector in the region, Guatemala has a score of 1.86, on a scale of 1 to 7, regarding the influence of crime and violence in operating costs of enterprises, where 1 is "very much" and 7 means "nothing".
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