Any data model in Big Data must be designed and developed to meet the needs of the business, and for this, it is necessary to know the objectives and goals of the organization, so that it effectively has the necessary functionalities to facilitate the decision-making process in the company.
What is a data model applied to business?
It is a type of language, an abstract representation of information oriented to talk about the relationships that a company's data have with each other. It makes it possible to describe the type of data that exists, and all the real elements involved in a problem or situation.
During March 2021, the Monthly Index of Economic Activity reported a year-on-year variation of 6.5%, a rise that is largely explained by the dynamism of mining and quarrying, manufacturing industry and construction.
In primary activities, growth was registered in mining and quarrying, livestock, agriculture, fishing and aquaculture, and a decrease in forestry and timber extraction, informed the Central Bank of Nicaragua (BCN).
During 2020 in all countries of the region, construction activity decreased considerably and Central American cement imports stagnated, this adverse scenario is explained by the economic crisis generated by the pandemic.
The construction industry statistics system, which is part of the interactive platform "Construction in Central America" of CentralAmericaData's Business Intelligence area, compiles the most important industry data for each of the countries in the region.
At the end of 2020, Honduras, Nicaragua, Guatemala and El Salvador remained at the bottom of the Human Development Index ranking, while Costa Rica and Panama were better evaluated.
The report entitled The Next Frontier, Human Development and the Anthropocene, which was published on December 15, 2020 at the global level, updates the Human Development Index (HDI) that is calculated by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP).
According to IMF forecasts, Panama and El Salvador are the economies that in 2020 will report the worst falls in their production, while Guatemala would be the country in the region that would emerge best from this economic and health crisis.
Due to the severe economic crisis generated by the covid-19 outbreak, the economic growth projections calculated by international organizations are not at all encouraging for Central America.
In the last five years, pork consumption in Central America increased 42%, from 197,000 tons in 2014 to nearly 279,000 tons in 2019, growth that was boosted by the Salvadoran and Honduran markets.
Figures from the "Pork Market Snapshot" prepared by the Trade Intelligence Unit of CentralAmericaData, detail that in the last two years’ regional consumption of pork registered a 3% increase, since between 2018 and 2019 it is estimated that demand in Central America rose from 270 thousand metric tons to 279 thousand tons.
In the last five years, beef consumption in Central America increased 4%, from 335,000 tons in 2014 to about 347,000 tons in 2019, growth that was boosted by the Salvadoran and Honduran markets.
Figures from the "Beef Market Snapshot" prepared by the Trade Intelligence Unit of CentralAmericaData, detail that in the last two years’ regional consumption of beef registered a slight increase, since between 2018 and 2019 it is estimated that demand in Central America rose from 341 thousand metric tons to 347 thousand tons.
During the first two months of the year, the country's sales abroad amounted to $519 million, 15% more than the same period in 2019, a rise that is explained by the increase in international prices.
Figures from the Center for Export Procedures (Cetrex) detail that between the first two months of 2019 and the same period of 2020, exports increased by $68 million, from $450 million to $519 million.
Because of the tension between the productive sector and the government, coupled with the lack of official statistics from the Central Bank, some companies in Nicaragua have chosen to stop providing information to the authorities.
In an attempt to hide the complicated economic situation, the country is going through, local authorities have not published information on the Monthly Economic Activity Index since February 2019, when the year-on-year drop was 7.5%. This prevents businessmen from making decisions based on the real situation of the economy.
In a context of economic recession, Nicaraguan exports have recorded good performance, as to November 2019 revenues totaled $2,536 million, 4% higher than reported in the same period of 2018.
Figures from the Centro de Tramites de Exportaciones (Cetrex) detail that between January and November 2018 and the same period in 2019, foreign sales increased by $89 million, going from $2,447 million to $2,536 million.
As of August 2019, the balance of the country's public external debt reached $6,116 million, 3% higher than the amount reported at the close of 2018.
Between December 2018 and August 2019, the ratio of debt to GDP also increased, from 45.4% to 49.3%, according to the most recent report by the Nicaraguan Foundation for Economic and Social Development (Funides).
In the first nine months of the year, trading volume totaled $8.318 million, 20% lower than the same period in 2018.
From the NCB report:
In the third quarter of 2019, the volume of foreign exchange operations (purchases + sales) in the foreign exchange market totaled 2,671.7 million dollars, of which 1,361.1 million dollars corresponded to purchase operations of intermediary agents1 (US$1,401.1 million in the previous quarter), and 1,310.6 million dollars in sales (US$1,296.4 million in the previous quarter). Thus, the net result of operations in the exchange market was net purchases of 50.5 million dollars in the third quarter, as a result of a greater demand for cordobas by the economy.
In Nicaragua, the authorities have not published information on the Monthly Index of Economic Activity since February 2019, when the year-on-year fall was 7.5%, a situation that prevents businessmen from making decisions based on the real situation of the economy.
In the 2019 Global Competitiveness Index, Costa Rica, Panama, Guatemala, El Salvador, and Nicaragua fell back in the ranking, while Honduras registered no changes and the Dominican Republic was the only country that improved.
According to the report by the World Economic Forum, during 2019 Costa Rica ranked 62 out of 141 countries. It was followed by Panama at box 66, the Dominican Republic at 78, Guatemala at 98, Honduras at 101, El Salvador at 103 and Nicaragua at 109.
Although between January and September 2019, Nicaraguan exports grew 2% compared to the same period in 2018, businessmen say it is because of an atypical behavior of gold and fish sales, not a general improvement.
According to figures from the Center for Export Procedures (Cetrex), between January and September 2018 and the same period in 2019, sales of companies in Nicaragua abroad went from $2.075 million to $2.108 million.
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