Any data model in Big Data must be designed and developed to meet the needs of the business, and for this, it is necessary to know the objectives and goals of the organization, so that it effectively has the necessary functionalities to facilitate the decision-making process in the company.
What is a data model applied to business?
It is a type of language, an abstract representation of information oriented to talk about the relationships that a company's data have with each other. It makes it possible to describe the type of data that exists, and all the real elements involved in a problem or situation.
During 2020 in all countries of the region, construction activity decreased considerably and Central American cement imports stagnated, this adverse scenario is explained by the economic crisis generated by the pandemic.
The construction industry statistics system, which is part of the interactive platform "Construction in Central America" of CentralAmericaData's Business Intelligence area, compiles the most important industry data for each of the countries in the region.
Restrictions on mobilization due to the number of plates, the fear of using public transportation and the increase in demand for delivery services explain the 8% growth that Guatemala's vehicle fleet experienced between 2019 and 2020.
As a result of the outbreak of covid-19, during the second quarter of 2020, Guatemalan authorities decided to suspend ground passenger transportation and also imposed restrictions on the mobility of vehicles with private plates, which were applied based on their license plate number.
Although forecasts at the start of the pandemic were pessimistic, during 2020 the country received remittances of $11.34 billion, an amount that is 8% higher than the $10.58 billion recorded in 2019.
According to the most recent report from the Bank of Guatemala, only in December, remittances amounted to $1.164 billion, 24% more than those reported in the same month in 2019, when the figure was $941 million.
At the end of 2020, Honduras, Nicaragua, Guatemala and El Salvador remained at the bottom of the Human Development Index ranking, while Costa Rica and Panama were better evaluated.
The report entitled The Next Frontier, Human Development and the Anthropocene, which was published on December 15, 2020 at the global level, updates the Human Development Index (HDI) that is calculated by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP).
According to IMF forecasts, Panama and El Salvador are the economies that in 2020 will report the worst falls in their production, while Guatemala would be the country in the region that would emerge best from this economic and health crisis.
Due to the severe economic crisis generated by the covid-19 outbreak, the economic growth projections calculated by international organizations are not at all encouraging for Central America.
In June 2020, in the context of confinement and the economic crisis, bank credit to the private sector reported an 8% year-on-year increase, but as of July growth began to slow and in September the increase was 5.7%.
According to figures from the Bank of Guatemala, total credit to the private sector began 2020 with a 5.7% year-on-year increase. As of March, when the first cases of covid-19 began to be detected and the government decreed restrictions on mobility, the growth of the credit portfolio accelerated, with a variation of 8% being reported during the third month of the year.
After in May this year and in the context of the economic crisis, the IMAE in Guatemala registered a -12% year-on-year variation, during June 2020 the contraction of production was lower, reporting a 9% fall compared to the same month in 2019.
In the current economic crisis resulting from the spread of covid-19, the activities that have most boosted the drop in production are trade, tourism and transport, reported the Bank of Guatemala.
Due to the spread of the covid-19, family remittances sent to the country fell in March, April and May; however, the trend was reversed in June, when a 9% year-on-year variation was registered.
The most recent data from the Bank of Guatemala show that in the first six months of 2020 the country received remittances for $4.88 billion, an amount that is 1% lower than the $4.92 billion registered in the same period in 2019.
In the last five years, pork consumption in Central America increased 42%, from 197,000 tons in 2014 to nearly 279,000 tons in 2019, growth that was boosted by the Salvadoran and Honduran markets.
Figures from the "Pork Market Snapshot" prepared by the Trade Intelligence Unit of CentralAmericaData, detail that in the last two years’ regional consumption of pork registered a 3% increase, since between 2018 and 2019 it is estimated that demand in Central America rose from 270 thousand metric tons to 279 thousand tons.
In the last five years, beef consumption in Central America increased 4%, from 335,000 tons in 2014 to about 347,000 tons in 2019, growth that was boosted by the Salvadoran and Honduran markets.
Figures from the "Beef Market Snapshot" prepared by the Trade Intelligence Unit of CentralAmericaData, detail that in the last two years’ regional consumption of beef registered a slight increase, since between 2018 and 2019 it is estimated that demand in Central America rose from 341 thousand metric tons to 347 thousand tons.
After 12% of companies in Guatemala reported in the first quarter of 2020 that they planned to increase their payrolls, by the second quarter this proportion had risen by only 1%.
Employers in Guatemala report positive hiring plans for the second quarter of 2020. 13% of employers have contemplated an increase in their payrolls, 2% expect a decrease and 83% will remain unchanged, reported Manpower.
During January, IMAE registered a year-on-year variation of 3.6%, up from 3.4% at the end of 2019.
The growth rate of the Monthly Index of Economic Activity (IMAE) reported in the first month of 2020 is also higher than that recorded in January 2019, when the year-on-year change was 3.2%.
The report of the Bank of Guatemala states that "... The behavior described, was influenced by the economic activities of Commerce and vehicle repair; manufacturing industries; Real Estate activities; Agriculture, cattle, forestry and fishing and Financial and insurance activities.
During the first two months of 2020, family remittances sent to the country amounted to Ch$1,643 million, 19% more than reported for the same period in 2019.
Official figures from the Bank of Guatemala detail that in February 2020 the country received remittances of $808 million, an amount that exceeds by 17% the $690 million registered in the same month of 2019.
During 2019, the global amount of exports reached Ch$11,184 million, with clothing, bananas, coffee, sugar and cardamom being the main products sold abroad.
The total amount of General Trade exports was of Ch$11,184 million, higher by Ch$214 million (2%) than that recorded in 2018 (Ch$10,970 million). The most important products according to their participation in the total value of exports were: Clothing with Ch$1,398 million (12.5%), Banana with Ch$843.6 million (7.5%), Sugar with Ch$695 million (6.2%), Coffee with Ch$662.4 million (5.9%), as well as Cardamom with Ch$648 million (5.8%). These products represented 37.9% of total exports, reported the Bank of Guatemala.