Due to the imbalance in world trade flows, shipping lines have changed their routes and prefer to move empty containers to Asia, a situation that generates shortages and causes increases in freight rates and raw material prices.
In this scenario of new commercial reality, the operating costs of maritime freight have been impacted, since due to the restrictions imposed in several countries around the world, containers have been stranded.
As a result of the restrictions on mobility and the ban on the sale of alcoholic beverages, which were decreed in 2020 to mitigate the outbreak of covid-19, it is estimated that the smuggling of liquor from Mexico into the Guatemalan market increased considerably.
According to the report Prohibitions, illicit alcohol and lessons to be learned from the covid-19 lockdown, prepared by the Transnational Alliance to Combat Illicit Trade (Tracit), the dry law imposed for long periods boosted sales of smuggled alcoholic beverages.
Given the crisis in the region, businessmen in Guatemala report that smuggling of Mexican products has increased, while in Panama, beer producers attribute the rise in illegal trade in alcoholic beverages to the dry law.
With the spread of Covid-19, governments in Central America have decreed mandatory quarantines and have also restricted the movement of consumers at certain hours.
Because the current legal framework is ineffective, Guatemalan entrepreneurs in the food sector are asking the government to draft a new law that would criminalize smuggling and also consider it a matter of national security.
Directives of the Guatemalan Chamber of Food and Beverages (CGAB) assure that the current Decree 58-90 "Law Against Fraud and Contraband" is obsolete and does not allow for direct and frontal combat against contraband.
In Guatemala, the sector's union estimates that exports of processed food and beverages totaled $1.39 billion, 5% less than what was reported in 2018.
Preliminary data from the Guatemalan Chamber of Food and Beverages (CGAB) indicate that between 2018 and 2019, exports of processed food and beverages decreased from $1.47 billion to $1.39 billion.
As a result of a decline in demand from some trading partners, Guatemalan exports of processed food and beverages decreased by 10% during the first quarter of the year compared to the same period in 2018.
Figures from the Bank of Guatemala report that from January to March 2019, Guatemalan exports of processed food and beverages totaled $292 million, 10% less than the amount reported in the same period of 2018.
Improving sanitary controls, reducing smuggling and accrediting laboratories for food analysis are some of the proposals made by Guatemalan businessmen to the future new government.
Two months before the General Elections, the Guatemalan Chamber of Food and Beverages (CGAB) presented its proposals to several presidential candidates, with the objective of working in different areas so that the growth of the sector goes from the current 5% to 9% in the coming years.
In Guatemala, the business sector has already begun to analyze the market opportunities that will arise after the Salvadoran government decided to cancel the FTA with Taiwan.
The decision taken by the Sánchez Cerén administration in December last year will be implemented as of March 15, when the Free Trade Agreement between Taiwan and El Salvador will expire.
In Guatemala, food and beverage businessmen estimate that product smuggling during the end of 2018 will increase more than reported in previous years.
Complaints by Guatemalan businessmen regarding the illicit marketing of different types of products have been a constant in recent years. Long-standing calculations detail that of every ten products sold in the country, three are of illegal origin.
Arguing that dumping practices exist by China and are not competing on an equal basis, businessmen from the sector in Guatemala request the intervention of the authorities.
Through a statement from the Chamber of Industry of Guatemala (CIG), explained that in recent years, China, through its improper business practices including dumping and subsidized prices, has affected local production.
Guatemalan business leaders have denounced the fact that due to the crisis in Nicaragua that is now affecting the region, the cost of transporting goods by sea has increased between 30% and 40%.
Representatives from the Chamber of Industry in Guatemala (CIG) and the Guatemalan Chamber of Food and Beverages (CGAB), reported that due to the Nicaraguan crisis which started in mid-April and has deepened with every week that has passed, entrepreneurs have reported increases in their transportation costs caused by the difficulty of traveling through the territory under conflict.
Guatemalan business leaders say that the opportunities for the sector in the future lie in the change in trends in consumption patterns and market demand abroad.
According to representatives from the Guatemalan Chamber of Food and Beverages (CGAB), in the first six months of the year trade in the food sector has grown at a rate of between 10% and 12%, and the industry represents approximately 12% of the country's Gross Domestic Product.
Reduced times to move goods through customs posts and an increase in bilateral trade are some of the results of the first year of the Customs Union between Guatemala and Honduras.
Twelve months after the entry into force of the treaty between the two countries, trade figures have favored the two Central American countries. In 2017, exports from Honduras to Guatemala totaled $384 million, 16% more than in 2016, and sales made from Guatemala to Honduras amounted to $967 million, which is equivalent to a 6% increase.
In Guatemala, food industry businessmen are opposed to five bills that would change the rules on labeling and increase the tax on sugary drinks.
According to the Guatemalan Chamber of Food and Beverages (CGAB), bills that aim to increase VAT from 12% to 20% on sugary drinks and change the labeling rules, are based on misinformation.
The impact of illicit trade in Guatemala is such that "in the case of the paper industry, smuggling has grown to the point of taking away a portion of the market from companies and 30% of their turnover."
Guatemalan businessmen say that out of every ten products sold in the country, three are of illegal origin.The impact of illicit trade on business activity can already be seen in the turnover of companies, who are also forced to reduce their employee payrolls.
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