Against the backdrop of an imbalance in trade and restrictions decreed in several markets around the world, Central American companies in the garment business are operating and generating export earnings at levels that merely allow them to subsist.
Data from the Office of Textiles and Apparel, of the U.S. International Trade Administration, say that between the first half of 2019 and the same period in 2020, Central American textile exports to the U.S. decreased by 34%, from $ 17,593 million to $ 11,553 million.
Following the spread of the virus globally and the suspension of some production in China, several garment companies in the region have reported increases in their orders.
The spread of the epidemic has stopped much of the economic activity of the Asian giant, which is the largest exporter of textiles in the world. This situation has forced buyers to look for alternatives.
In the first nine months, sales of transformation goods totaled $3.220 million, of which $2.637 million came from the textile industry.
The result of the commercial balance of goods for transformation (Maquila), accumulated to the third quarter of 2018, showed a surplus of US$1,024.1 million; behavior derived from the year-on-year increase of 4.0% in exportations, which totaled US$3,219.7 million in the mentioned period, partly counteracted by imports of raw materials of US$2,195.5 million, informed the Central Bank of Honduras.
During the first six months of the year, imports of yarns and textile supplies in Central America totaled $264 million, registering a 3% decrease over the same period in 2017.
Figures from the information system on the Central American Market for Yarns and Textiles materials, compiled by the Trade Intelligence Unit at CentralAmericaData: [GRAFICA caption="Click to interact with graphic"]
Exports of goods for processing in the first half of 2017 totaled $1,992 million, of which $1,624 million corresponded to the textile industry.
From the report "Foreign trade of goods for transformation up to the second quarter of 2017" by the Central Bank:
Honduran exports of goods for processing in the first half of 2017 totaled US $1,992.0 million, up by US $11.4 million (0.6%)comparedto June of the previous year (down 6.3%). This result is particularly associated with the rise of textiles and manufactured fibers (polyester yarns), destined - mostly - for the United States of America (USA) and Central America.
In 2016, the value of imported yarns and textile raw materials in the region amounted to $328 million, equivalent to 89 thousand tons, 6% more than the volume purchased in 2015.
Figures from the information system on the Central American Market for Yarns and Textiles materials, compiled by the Business Intelligence Unit at CentralAmericaData: [GRAFICA caption="Clic para interactuar con la gráfica"]
The union of maquila companies estimates that this year exports will grow 10% compared to 2016, reaching $4.5 billion, driven by increased demand in the United States.
According to the Honduran Maquiladora Association (AHM), in 2016 exports of textiles and clothing were worth close to $4.1 billion, and this year it is hoped the figure will go up to $4.5 billion.
If the United States withdraws from the Transpacific Agreement, there will be less risk of competition from Asian countries for the Central American textile industry.
If the US does eventually abandon the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPP), as promised by President-elect Donald Trump, the Central American textile industry could benefit from the elimination of the possibility that the US, its main market, will buy textiles from Vietnam at lower prices.Since the start of negotiations for the TPP, the Central American textile industry has tried to negotiate bilaterally with the US in order to minimize the negative effects that the TPP could have on the industry in the region.
A report by the Business Intelligence Unit at CentralAmericaData.com notes that in 2015 Central American countries imported $318 million worth of yarns, filaments and textiles, led by El Salvador with $157 million.
El Salvador was the main importer of synthetic filaments, strips and materials similar to synthetic textiles last year, according to data on the Textiles and Raw Materials Market compiled by the Business Intelligence Unit at CentralAmericaData.com.
Coffee, textiles, clothing accessories and leather are some of the products that have opportunities for being sold in the European country.
In addition to traditional products such as coffee, textiles, leather and accessories, representatives of the Franco-Nicaraguan Chamber of Commerce identified opportunities in the French market for other non-traditional export products such as chia.In 2015 the country exported $32 million worth to the European country and imported goods worth $110 million, according to central bank figures.
High potential for online shopping in China has brought up opportunities for segments such as bathing suits, where 60% are imported products.
From a statement issued by PROCOMER:
Japan is one of the main entry points to the Asian region and is also a fashion leader, an industry worth approximately $110,000 million. According to a report by ProColombia, Japan imports more than 60% of its swimsuits and it was also found that consumers pay higher prices for these products, making it an attractive market to service.
A government proposal seeks to generate in 5 years $13,000 billion worth of investment in tourism, textiles, intermediate manufacturing and business support services.
From a statement issued by the President of Honduras:
Tegucigalpa, February 29. President Juan Orlando Hernández presented the National Economic Development Program 20/20 Honduras, the largest platform for growth promoted in the country's history, focusing on tourism, textiles, intermediate manufacturing and business support services, which will generate 600,000 jobs in five years, among other objectives.
The maquila industry approves of the government's decision to apply for formal admission into the agreement, which would improve conditions for textile companies competing with countries like Vietnam.
The Honduran Maquila Association (AHM) is one of the unions in the country which is most interested in being part of the trade union agreement, because the United States is the main destination for its production, and where textiles also come from countries that are already part of the agreement, such as Vietnam.
80% of the volume exported by the Honduran maquila sector in the first half of 2014 corresponds to textiles, 15% to harnesses, and the remaining 5% to other goods.
A report by the Central Bank of Honduras (BCH) specifies that when comparing the figure for the first half of this year with the same period of 2013, "... A slight increase of $8.2 million is observed. "
Central America's direct competitor in the market is using the TLC it has with the northern country to increase sales of agricultural products, textiles and other manufactured goods.
The reduction in sales of Colombian oil to the United States is forcing the South American country to diversify its exports to the North American market, where positioning has been improved mainly of agricultural products such as fruits and seeds and manufactured goods such as textiles and apparel.