Given the crisis in the region, businessmen in Guatemala report that smuggling of Mexican products has increased, while in Panama, beer producers attribute the rise in illegal trade in alcoholic beverages to the dry law.
With the spread of Covid-19, governments in Central America have decreed mandatory quarantines and have also restricted the movement of consumers at certain hours.
In Costa Rica, it is estimated that illegal trade mobilizes around $1.230 million per year, which is equivalent to 7% of household consumption.
According to a study by the Costa Rican Chamber of Commerce's (CCCR) Illicit Trade Observatory, the products most affected by smuggling are cigarettes, alcoholic beverages, spare parts for vehicles, clothing, pharmaceuticals and medicines.
It has been reported that six out of ten bottles of liquor consumed in Costa Rica are of illegal origin, and this situation has been attributed to the heavy tax on alcoholic beverages in the country.
An investigation published by Crhoy.com details the figures on the market of illegal alcoholic beverages in Costa Rica.The document concludes that between 2014 and 2017 the value of the illicit liquor market has grown almost 50%.
The new law lowers from $50,000 to $5,000 the minimum amount of goods in infraction, for it to be considered as a crime of smuggling.
The Legislature approved the bill which sanctions with penalties smuggled goods worth over $5000. The new law also provides for penalties against "split smuggling", made by the same group or individual.
"... The reform proposes that when different entries are reported for amounts less than the $10,000, but which added together exceed that figure, they will be considered a violation of the law, regardless of whether the entry is of different products or money. Prison sentences and fines will be toughened and repeat smugglers could be punished with 3-10 years in prison, depending on the offense. "
The Smuggling law approved on its first reading includes penalties of 3-10 years in prison for those who illegally sell goods infringing animal, human or plant health.
From a statement issued by the Costa Rican Union of Chambers and Associations of Private Business Sector (UCCAEP):
UCCAEP celebrates approval of project to improve anti-smuggling
Business sector considers it a step towards the promotion of formality.
Drug trafficking organizations send shipments to Europe in containers loaded mainly with agricultural products.
The Business Alliance for Secure Commerce (ASBC) is warning about activities practiced by criminal organizations, such as that in April 2014 when drug filled containers were seized in Europe, having come from Costa Rica. Exporting companies have had to pay more in order to implement controls and prevent filtration by criminal groups.
Entrepreneurs are demanding an acceleration of discussions in the Assembly to approve a bill which introduces the concept of "fractional smuggling" and toughens penalties.
From a statement issued by the Costa Rican Union of Chambers and Associations in the Private Business Sector (UCCAEP):
The Costa Rican Union of Chambers and Associations in the Private Business Sector (UCCAEP) is calling on the members of the Commission on Security and Trafficking in the Legislative Assembly to approve project n° 19,407, entitled "An Act to Improve the Fight Against Smuggling".
As part of the controls to combat smuggling, between May and July 29 companies were suspended from the list of importers, which represents 60% of the total volume of pairs of shoes entering the country.
In order to detect and prevent irregularities in the import of footwear, the General Administration of Federal Tax Audit Tax Administration Service of Mexico carried out 31 audits "...
The Chamber of Commerce and the General Department of Customs have signed an agreement for exchange of information and monitoring of imports in order to control the illegal transit of goods.
From a statement issued by the Chamber of Commerce of Costa Rica:
Monday October 27, 2014. The Chamber of Commerce of Costa Rica (CCCR) and the General Department of Customs (DGA) on Monday signed an Agreement for Cooperation Trade Transparency in order to combat all unfair practices in trade, such as smuggling, counterfeiting and other illegal practices.
Nicaraguan producers are complain that phytosanitary controls applied by the government of Costa Rica have increased the illegal entry of Nicaraguan beans, estimated at $4 million a year.
On average over 160 containers holding 480 pounds of beans each are smuggled to Costa Rica, amounting to approximately $26,000, as "... a result of phytosanitary measures restricting the entry of beans with impurities," say Nicaraguan businessmen.
The Ministry of Finance intends to lower the minimum amount of the value of illegally imported goods which would incur criminal penalties for smuggling from $50 thousand to $10 thousand.
Deputy Minister of Revenue, Fernando Rodriguez, told Ameliarueda.com that the draft reform law, "... is already in the final stage of reform being prepared by the Commission against Illicit Trade and it is expected that the project will be ready next week to then be submitted to the Legislature. "
Up to 15% of the market in products such as cigarettes, liquor, drugs and footwear, is supplied with goods whose origins are illegal.
Added to the list of products that have traditionally been traded illegally, such as cigarettes and alcoholic beverages, there is an increasing tendency to smuggle medicines, shoes, clothing, and beauty and personal care products, among other things.
Producers in the sector are warning about a growth in contraband of agricultural products encouraged by a price differential and lack of border controls.
The border between Costa Rica and Panama, according to producers in the area, has become a corridor for the smuggling of agricultural goods. The large number of border posts (about 80) and the considerable distances, make it very difficult to control the movement of goods.
Warnings have been issued that a projected health license suspension for transport in border areas could encourage smuggling of pigs from Nicaragua.
The Costa Rican Chamber of Pork Producers believes that the proposal to remove the sanitary license for the movement of pigs in the north will encourage smuggling from Nicaragua. This measure was included in the negotiations between producers, particularly of cattle, in the north and authorities from the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock (MAG).
Central American Business Chambers call for stopping unfair trade in both directions between the two countries.
"We must, as soon as possible, stop the illegal movement of goods from Guatemala to the southern border of Chiapas, in order to be able to aspire to making progress on all our objectives in this new era of trade between Mexico and Central America," said Jose Mejia, president of the Central American Binational Union of Chambers of Commerce, Industry and Investment.
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