Given the crisis in the region, businessmen in Guatemala report that smuggling of Mexican products has increased, while in Panama, beer producers attribute the rise in illegal trade in alcoholic beverages to the dry law.
With the spread of Covid-19, governments in Central America have decreed mandatory quarantines and have also restricted the movement of consumers at certain hours.
In the view of businessmen in Guatemala, the country has become a connection center for merchandise that is transported illegally from the Colon Free Zone, in Panama, to the Corozal Free Zone, in Belize.
Within the to and fro of contraband products moving from the south of Central America on the route to Mexico, a significant amount stays in Guatemala, where criminal structures are responsible for "marketing" these products throughout the territory.
Guatemalan businessmen are demanding stricter laws to combat the illegal entry of goods from Mexico, which are now being sold in El Salvador and Honduras.
Food and beverage companies say that in the municipality of Acajutla, El Salvador, it is possible to buy oil, flour and crackers that were illegally smuggled in from Mexico, first passing through Guatemalan territory, and eventually being sold on Salvadoran soil.
It has been indicated that deductions and taxes incurred by coffee farmers is the reason for smuggling of the grain to neighboring countries.
According to an article on Laprensa.hn Emilio Medina, manager of the export company Beneficio de Café Montecristo, "... taxes and deductions applied to each hundredweight of coffee exported combined with low grain prices in the international market have led to increased smuggling of the aromatic to Guatemala and Nicaragua ... This traffic of coffee to neighboring countries has affected the volume of shipments and foreign exchange. "
The value of illegal sales of about 32,000 hectoliters of pure alcohol in the country each year is estimated at $54 million.
Growth in the volume traded on the illicit market has been increasing, with the exception of the period between 2012 and 2013, when it went down by 3.7% due to "... greater government control on ethanol, specifically in control of pharmacy alcohol and counterfeit or adulterated alcohol. "
"If the calculations made for Guatemala in 2013 and 2014 are taken as a reference for other Central American countries, the volume of illegal trade in the region, could be between 3.4% and 4% of GDP".
"If the calculations made for Guatemala in 2013 and 2014 are taken as a reference for other Central American countries, the volume of illegal trade in the region, could be between 3.4% and 4% of GDP".
As part of the controls to combat smuggling, between May and July 29 companies were suspended from the list of importers, which represents 60% of the total volume of pairs of shoes entering the country.
In order to detect and prevent irregularities in the import of footwear, the General Administration of Federal Tax Audit Tax Administration Service of Mexico carried out 31 audits "...
One out of every five bottles of liquor consumed in the country comes from the illegal market, which moves $64 million and is growing by 30% every year.
The easy availability of raw materials and the lack of regulation on the end use of these products, leads to one out of every five bottles of liquor consumed in the country being illegal, absorbing 23.5% of the total spirits market in terms of volume and total sales.
The business climate, smuggling and taxes have forced the tobacco company to close its operation in the country.
In a letter sent on March 5, to their suppliers, British American Tobacco announced the closure of its operations in El Salvador. The increase in smuggling and lack of competitiveness in terms of cost are some of the reasons for its departure.
Central American Business Chambers call for stopping unfair trade in both directions between the two countries.
"We must, as soon as possible, stop the illegal movement of goods from Guatemala to the southern border of Chiapas, in order to be able to aspire to making progress on all our objectives in this new era of trade between Mexico and Central America," said Jose Mejia, president of the Central American Binational Union of Chambers of Commerce, Industry and Investment.
As of July 9 full legislation comes into full effect which seeks to prevent the entry of weapons or contraband into the United States.
From an article by the Costa Rican Foreign Trade Promotion Office (PROCOMER):
On November 25, 2008, the Customs and Border Protection (CBP) published the regulations for Importer Security Filing (ISF 10 +2) which requires importers and carriers to submit additional cargo information to the CBP before the goods are shipped to the U.S.
Central American industry is calling for strengthening of customs controls in the region, in order to contain the constant border crossings made with smuggled goods.
According to Carlos Enrique Rivera, secretary general of the Federation of Chambers and Industrial Associations of Central America and the Dominican Republic (FECAICA), at the border located in Melchor de Mencos, Peten, which borders Belize, there is no control to prevent the entry of illegal goods, which apparently heads toward Mexico, but 15% remains in Guatemala, without having made tax declarations.
In a region where there should be no customs, borders continue to distort trade in goods.
Various policies, protectionist or open, in the region, continue to generate price distortions and encourage the pursuit of market equilibrium through smuggling.
This is what is happening now with sugar in Nicaragua, where l relatively low prices favour its illegal departure, in this case to Honduras.
The Livestock Directorate is increasing border controls to prevent the smuggling of contaminated cheese.
21 days ago, authorities installed tighter controls in several customs offices and in the Amatillo border, near Honduras.
"According to data from dairy producers association Proleche, the most smuggled products are custard, hard cheese and adulterated goods such as fluid milk, made from powder milk, a forbidden practice in El Salvador", reported La Prensa Grafica.
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