In this scenario of economic crisis, falling tax revenues and the need to finance recovery programs, in Guatemala and Costa Rica it is already proposed to increase current taxes and create new ones.
Guatemalan authorities are already beginning to discuss the fiscal policy they will apply in 2021, when the economy will have to face the effects of the economic crisis generated by the covid-19 outbreak.
The Legislative Assembly approved in second debate a bill that aims to tax in the country the sale and self-consumption of imported or locally produced cement.
The initiative, which was approved in the first debate in the Assembly in mid-February and is still pending approval by the Executive Branch, establishes that the tax will be on imported cement produced nationally, in bags or in bulk, for sale or self-consumption, of any kind, whose destination is the consumption and marketing of the product nationally.
The authorities that will assume the government in 2020 in Guatemala could evaluate options to tax temporarily some sectors, however, there would be a risk that these taxes become permanent.
In Nicaragua, authorities reported a decision to suspend collection of the additional fee of $0.05 for each kilogram exported or imported by air.
The extra charge came into effect last April 25, but from the beginning the private sector spoke out against it, because it was argued that the tariff that the Nicaraguan government would apply, would put some local companies on the border of closure and cause a decrease of about $50 million annually.
The construction union of Guatemala states that construction costs have increased by about 6% since the entry into force in January of a tax on the distribution of cement.
Since the start of the charging of a $0.66 tax per bag of cement distributed, representatives from cement companies have reported a drop in sales.
Pelayo Llarena, president of the Chamber of Construction, told Elperiodico.com.gt that "...
In Congress doubts are being voiced over the effectiveness of the application of a tax of $0.65 per phone line and $13 for call centers.
Among the nine challenges presented by deputies to the proposal to place a tax on phones, the lack of definition of the use of funds and details about who should pay the tax stand out the most, in particular whether it should be the user or the business who pays.
The government is to propose the creation of a new tax to finance part of the budget of the Ministry of Interior, which "would be directed towards the upper and upper middle class" .
This tax would not be for the entire population, since according to the Interior Minister, "... it will be directed towards the upper and upper middle class, because they have the ability to pay.
The Constitutional Court has ruled as unfounded the suits on unconstitutionality filed by cement companies and left in place a tax of $0.65 on the distribution of each sack of cement.
The Constitutional Court decided to maintain the tax of $0.65 per sack of cement as indicated by the reform approved for the Law of Specific Tax on the Distribution of Cement under the fiscal year 2015 of the National Budget.
Taking advantage of the low price of oil the government is discussing increasing the tax base on the distribution of petroleum and petroleum products.
The proposal seeks to raise the fuel tax which is currently around $0.60 for gasoline and $0.17 for diesel. Moreover, the measure would also provide an increase in the rate for petroleum products such as kerosene, naphtha and liquefied petroleum gas.
The Foundation for Development in Guatemala argues that there is a lack of technical justifications for new taxes and lack of transparency in approving the 2015 budget.
From a statement issued by the Foundation for the Development of Guatemala (FUNDESA):
The Foundation for the Development of Guatemala - FUNDESA - expressed concern about the non-transparent way in which the General Budget of the Nation for 2015 was approved, and the lack of technical studies to support various tax increases, including both the one applied to telephony and the distribution of cement, as well as the excessive increase in royalties.
In response to approval of a new tax of $0.65 per telephone line, operating companies have returned 6 million lines to the Telecommunications Superintendency.
Representatives from Claro, Tigo and Telefónica each returned 2 million inactive numbers with the aim of adjusting their internal policies to adapt to the new tax which will come into effect next year.
The mining union is opposed to the increase from 1% to 10% for precious metals and the elimination of voluntary royalties to municipalities contemplated in the 2015 budget.
Besides the new tax on the distribution of bags of cement and telephony, increased royalties for the exploitation of minerals and construction materials are also part of the new fiscal package which comes with the 2015 budget.
The argument is that the tax on cement will increase the cost of housing by at least 6% and the tax on phones will directly affect users of prepaid telephone lines.
From a statement issued by the Chamber of Industry of Guatemala:
The Chamber of Industry of Guatemala emphasizes that even though it promptly denounced the risk of lack of transparency and accountability of the state budget for Fiscal Year 2015, it has been approved and will lead to negative impacts on the population.
In order to finance the 2015 budget, Congress has approved a tax of $0.65 for the distribution of each sack of cement weighing 42.5 kg and the same amount for each mobile or fixed telephone line.
Between the two taxes it is hoped that a total of approximately $2,607 million will be raised to finance the General Budget of the Nation in 2015.
In the case of taxes on mobiles and fixed telephone lines, "...
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