As of June, Central American economies began to show signs of incipient recovery and as of August, Guatemala, Nicaragua and Costa Rica registered the smallest drops in their levels of economic activity.
Since March of this year, the region has faced a severe economic crisis generated by the outbreak of covid-19. The strict quarantines decreed, the closure of borders and commercial establishments, ended up damaging the dynamism of productive activities.
During July the IMAE registered -4% year-on-year variation, a drop that is less than those reported in April, May and June, months in which due to the crisis generated by the covid-19, production reported contractions of 10%, 8% and 6%, in that order.
In the seventh month of the year, agricultural activity grew by 9.7% (2.1% in the accumulated January-July), due to increased work and production in the cultivation of coffee, corn, beans, rice, sorghum, and peanuts, among other agricultural products, reported the Central Bank of Nicaragua (BCN).
In the context of the crisis generated by the outbreak of covid-19 and after reporting a -9% year-on-year variation in July, in August the IMAE registered a smaller reduction by contracting 8% compared to the same month in 2019.
The fall in the volume of production is greater in the activities of hotels and restaurants (59.3%), transport and storage (27.4%) and trade (15.5%), all of which is closely related to the greater incidence in these sectors of national and international restrictions on the movement of people and goods, reported the Central Bank of Costa Rica (BCCR).
In Guatemala, the Giammattei administration decided not to request an extension of the State of Calamity and as of October 1, cinemas, pubs, parks, swimming pools will be reopened and events, fairs and concerts will also be allowed, even if the place is on red alert.
After the unemployment rate in the United States fell from 15% to 8% between April and August, it became evident that at the beginning of the crisis the capacity of recovery that the North American country could develop was underestimated and it is expected that this behavior could boost the economic activity in Central America.
During the first half of 2020, when the first cases of covid-19 began to be reported in the region, forecasts noted that the recovery of economic activity would be excessively slow, due to a significant drop in consumption globally.
After reporting in June a 7% year-on-year variation, in July the monthly index of economic activity continued to fall, registering an 8% drop with respect to the same month in 2019, a decrease that is explained by the economic crisis affecting the country.
The lower activity, which is due to the impact that the pandemic has had in Costa Rica and around the world, is seen in the five major economic activities (agriculture, manufacturing, construction, trade and services) that make up the monthly index of economic activity (IMAE).
After the IMAE in Guatemala registered a -11% year-on-year variation in May of this year, during June and July the production contractions were lower, reporting falls of 7% and 5%, in that order.
The Bank of Guatemala reported that in the current economic crisis that emerged due to the spread of covid-19, the activities that have most boosted the drop in production are trade, tourism and transportation.
After five months of restrictions on productive activities, the Panamanian business sector proposes to shorten the dates of the "Updated Plan for National-Provincial Reopening" and to set that schedule in September.
For the Chamber of Commerce, Industry and Agriculture of Panama (CCIAP), the country is not only experiencing a health pandemic, it is also in the midst of a socio-economic crisis that has affected businesses, the labor market and the State's revenues. Currently, there are activities that cannot go on for another week without operating.
The Cabinet Council endorsed the updated National-Provincial Reopening Plan, which is based on biosafety indicators and the effective reproduction rate of covid-19 cases, and contemplates starting to reopen productive activities as of September 7.
Following the implementation of this plan, the construction industry and related activities (engineers, architects, project managers, contractors, moving and hauling services), the Panama Pacifico Special Economic Area, the Colon Free Zone and free zones, private marinas and sport fishing, as well as tailors and dressmakers, shoe shops and car wash will reopen in the country on September 7.
After the reopening phases that were supposed to be applied in El Salvador were declared unconstitutional and the restrictions to economic activities were removed, businessmen receive the news with optimism, but fear that some businesses have closed down because of the crisis.
Since March, when the first cases of covid-19 began to be registered in the country, the administration headed by Nayib Bukele decided to subject the country to a strict home quarantine.
Speeding up the repayment of the tax credit, repealing the Solidarity Tax, approving the Leasing Law, reforming the Banking Law and the Free Zone Law, is part of what Guatemalan businessmen are proposing to reactivate the economy in this context of crisis.
At present, Guatemala is immersed in a severe economic crisis, which was generated by the restrictions to productive activities that were decreed due to the outbreak of covid-19.
In April the Central Bank of Costa Rica predicted that by the end of 2020 GDP would fall by 3.6%, but due to the current health and economic crisis scenario the projections worsened, and now a 5% contraction in production is estimated.
The effect of the current international situation would be transmitted to the national economy through various channels: growth in trading partners, lower prices of raw materials and financial conditions, according to an official report.
After authorities suspended the start of Phase 2 on two occasions, the government of El Salvador announced that the second phase of the economic reopening plan would begin on August 20.
July 19 was the second time that the entry into force of this Phase was postponed, as it was initially planned to begin the second stage of the economic reopening process as of July 7, which contemplates the reactivation of the plastic, paper, cardboard and footwear industries, in addition to call centers, restaurants and public transportation.
The Council of Ministers approved that Tegucigalpa and San Pedro Sula will return from July 29 to Phase I of the Opening Plan, which allows companies to operate with 20% of their workforce.
According to the proposal put forward by the Multisectoral Table, commerce and companies in general were authorized so that as of Wednesday, July 29, they can resume their activities and business, according to the percentage of the workforce, as per the authorized region, using the biosecurity protocols approved by the Ministry of Labor and Social Security.
With the application of the Health Alert System by covid-19, the Guatemalan economy was reopened, however, the operating guidelines and specific health and safety protocols for various economic activities have not been made official.