Between July and October 2020, the number of people in El Salvador exploring mortgage options online increased by 18%, and the number of Costa Rican consumers looking to buy credit cards decreased by 60%.
CentralAmericaData's interactive platform Consumer Insights monitors in real time the changes in consumer habits in all markets in the region and in other Latin American countries, with fundamental information to understand their behavior, new trends and anticipate eventual changes in their purchase patterns.
Managers of Costa Rica's financial institutions predict that due to the health crisis the country is going through, the demand for credit from companies and families will continue to fall in the coming months.
Figures from the Central Bank of Costa Rica state that between March 2019 and the same month in 2020, the balance of money lent by public and private banks to companies and families decreased by 2.3%, from $28,559 million to $27,908 million.
CABEI granted a loan that will be assigned to the country's state banks, resources that will be used to support the productive sectors in the context of the national emergency.
With the aim of strengthening the liquidity of state banks in the face of the national emergency caused by the covid-19 pandemic, the Central American Bank for Economic Integration (CABEI) authorized the disbursement of US$50 million for the Banco Nacional de Costa Rica and US$40 million for the Banco de Costa Rica, reported the international organization.
Although The Central Bank has been reducing the monetary policy rate to boost the issuance of bank credit, the speed with which the portfolio of loans in national currency grows continues to decrease.
Official data from the country's financial system indicate that by October 2017 the portfolio of loans in local currency grew to 14%, in the same month of 2018 the rate fell to 6% and by the tenth month of 2019 the increase was just 4%.
In Costa Rica, the growth of credit granted in U.S. currency to the private sector is the lowest in a decade.
Credit to the private sector does not show signs of recovery and, instead, the data available until August show an additional deterioration that took it to its lowest point in 10 years, reporting a year-on-year fall of -0.01%.
An analysis prepared by the advisory firm Frecuencia Económica indicates that the low growth is explained by the contraction of loans in dollars, since the portfolio in colones shows a 4.2% growth among the banking system, while the portfolio in dollars presents a fall of 3.9%.
Although the downward adjustments made months ago in the bank reserve and monetary policy rate do not yet appear to have had an effect on the loan portfolio in Costa Rica, banks expect credit to be reactivated soon.
Between January and April 2019, the number of debit cards circulating in the country fell 5%, from 6.03 million to 5.71 million, and the accumulated balance of accounts associated with these plastics fell by 3%.
Based on the information reported by the companies, up to April 30, 2019 there were a total of 5,719,387 cardholders in the domestic market. When comparing this amount with the data from the previous study, a decrease of 311,505 cardholders is registered, informed the Ministry of Economy, Industry and Commerce (MEIC).
Late loans granted by public banks to small companies amounted to 5.5% in May, 3.8% in the case of medium-size companies and 3.3% in the case of large companies, a situation attributed to the economic slowdown.
The percentage of credits reported by the General Superintendence of Financial Entities (Sugef), refers to loans that went into default for more than 90 days and judicial collection, granted by public entities such as the National Bank, Banco de Costa Rica and Banco Popular.
With the aim of making the classification of debtors more flexible and reducing the risk of non-payment, in a context where delinquent loans keep on rising, Costa Rica authorized the modification of two regulations that apply to entities in the financial system.
The General Superintendence of Financial Entities (Sugef) and the National Council of Supervision of the Financial System (Conassif), informed that changes were made to the "Regulation for the qualification of debtors" and the "Regulation on management and evaluation of credit risk for the development banking system", which ultimately aim to give access to new credits to about 63 thousand people.
In recent months, the credit portfolio of public and private banks in Costa Rica has been growing at a slower rate, partly because of high levels of indebtedness of the population.
According to figures from the Central Bank of Costa Rica, between October 2018 and March 2019 the year-on-year growth of credit has generally slowed, since the increase in the portfolio of private banks fell from 14% to 12%, in public banks the decline was from 1.37% to 0.75%, and in the case of other financial intermediaries the decline was from 8.86% to 6.97%.
In Costa Rica, low economic activity and rising unemployment explain the 25% increase reported between February 2018 and the same month of 2019 in the value of assets acquired by banks to recover loans.
Figures from the General Superintendence of Financial Entities (Sugef) specify that between February 2018 and the same month of this year, the amount of goods and securities acquired by financial entities because people and companies did not pay their loans increased from $425 million to $533 million.
Between May and September 2018, an increase was reported in the proportion of loans with payment arrears greater than 90 days, but between October and December the trend was downwards.
Data from the General Superintendence of Financial Entities (Sugef) indicate that between September and December 2018, the proportion of loans with payment arrears greater than 90 days, or in judicial collection, decreased from 2.58% to 2.14%.
Because of the slowdown in the issuance of loans, in 2018 the profits of banks in Costa Rica grew just 3% over what was recorded in 2017.
Figures from the Central Bank of Costa Rica show the deceleration reported in loans granted during the first nine months of last year, detailing that up to December 2017 the credit portfolio to the private sector registered an 8% year-on-year increase, while the indicator concerned up to September 2018 dropped to 5%.
The Costa Rican banking sector opposes such a measure, arguing that imposing an upper cap on interest rates on bank loans would cause informality in the credit market.
The 20.861 reform of the competition promotion and effective consumer defense, which aims to cap credit interest rates, is discussed with the country's Tax Affairs Commission.
Regarding the establishment of a rate cap, Ronulfo Jiménez, legal advisor to the Costa Rican Banking Association, said during the hearing that "... these initiatives are not retroactive, leaving the population with over-indebtedness in that condition, therefore, denies that this will benefit the consumer."
Because of the adjustments made by the Central Bank to interest rates in recent days, financial institutions in Costa Rica will be forced to raise interest rates on savings in local currency.
Arguing that forecasts suggest that inflation in 2019 could be above the upper limit of the target range, on November 1st the Central Bank of Costa Rica (BCCR) decided to raise the monetary policy rate from 5% to 5.25%.