As of January 2020, electric vehicles imported into El Salvador and Honduras will be exempt from the import duty, which was 30% in El Salvador until now.
The measure, which will be applied in both countries, was approved at the session of the Council of Ministers of Economic Integration (COMIECO), held in El Salvador on December 5 and 6.
Ventus S.A. de C.V., which will invest in the construction of the first wind farm in El Salvador, will enjoy tax exemptions in its investment plans and operation for 20 years.
The Guatemalan and Honduran capital company, Ventus, will invest $73 million over 10 years in the construction of a wind farm with a capacity of 54 MW, and the tax benefits that will be granted result from the signing of a Legal Stability contract for Investments.
Companies that hire people aged between 18 and 29 years will be able to deduct from income tax between 3 and 5 minimum wages, depending on the number of young people they hire.
With the amendment to the Incentive Law for the Creation of First Employment for Young People in the Private Sector, adopted by the Assembly, tax exemptions are established for businesses that hire young people aged between 18 and 29.
According to the ICEFI, "tax incentive policies seem to be a lost opportunity because of permanent tax expenses and the lack of tangible social benefits."
From a statement issued by the ICEFI:
Within the framework of the international meeting on Tax Justice and Transnational Fraud, held in Costa Rica, a study was presented on October 20 entitled 'The effectiveness of tax incentives for investment in Central America' in which an analysis was undertaken of the Central American experience in investment attraction through tax incentives.
From 2014 to 2015 the size of central governments remained constant at an average 18.5% of gross domestic product (GDP).
From the introduction of the report: "Macrofiscal Profiles: 6th Edition" by the Central American Institute for Fiscal Studies (Icefi):
2015 proved to be a period of low tax advance for the Central American region. On average, the size of central governments remained constant compared to 2014, at 18.5% of gross domestic product (GDP). However, not all nations maintained this trend in the same way. While the governments of Nicaragua, Costa Rica and El Salvador, some of the largest fiscally in the region, continued to increase their participation in the economy, reporting increases of 1.5, 0.7 and 0.7% of GDP, respectively, the Government of Guatemala - one of the smallest in the world became even smaller, being reduced by 1.2% of GDP. For its part, the Government of Honduras reported a small decrease of 0.2% of GDP, fully converged with its policy of fiscal austerity, while that of Panama had a transient contraction of 1.4%, reflecting a reorganization established by the new administration and that, according to the plans for 2016, will be reversed in full.
The problem with income tax exemptions is that they favor high-return projects that would probably have been made anyway.
From an IDB document entitled "The effectiveness of tax incentives: The case of export processing zones in Costa Rica, El Salvador and the Dominican Republic".
Introduction and Summary
Policies encouraging investment make use of a variety of instruments.
It has been pointed out that in order to reverse the very low influx of foreign investment there is a need to upgrade the system of tax incentives focussing on the "draw back" which was eliminated.
The proposal aims to make the tax advantages offered by the country be focused on specific types of investment adjusted to specific needs and production policies.
The competitiveness of a company and its product does NOT depend only on taxes but also on the cost of materials, labor and energy, and quality of its management.
Editorial
In an analysis of the issue Reny Marianne Bake notes that "... in the seventies and eighties of the last century ... as good merchants, American car producers and labor unions lobbied their politicians, seeking state protection, not wanting to compete.