The good functioning of the institution in charge of collecting taxes is vital for ensuring economic development, as it means that honest companies who comply with their fiscal obligations are not at a disadvantage to those who don't.
EDITORIAL
In Costa Rica, better administrative management has made possible better income tax collection figures than those foreseen with simple tax increases.
With legislative approval of an Agreement on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters, the country has avoided the risk of being included in the list of non-cooperating countries.
From a statement issued by the Ministry of Finance:
May 23, 2017.The ratification of the Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters (Law Initiative 5200), ratified by the Congress of the Republic, constitutes an important step for the country as a step toward transparency in the exchange of fiscal information with other countries as a important aspect of the global agenda for development.
The government is warning that if the agreement on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters is not ratified, the country is at risk of being included in the lists of non-cooperating countries.
The Guatemalan Ministry of Finance describes as "indispensable" the ratification by legislative of the Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters adopted by the Council of Europe and member countries of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
In 2016, the ratio between total expenditure of central governments of the countries of the region and GDP remained almost unchanged from the previous year, going from 18.3% to 18.6%.
From the report "Macroeconomic Profiles: 8th edition", from the Central American Institute of Fiscal Studies (Icefi):
The Central American Institute for Fiscal Studies (Icefi) presented its most recent edition of the Macro-Fiscal Profiles of Central America, which contains an analysis of the fiscal situation of Central America and each of the countries of the region, at the end of fiscal year 2016, as well as the main lines contained in the budgets approved for 2017.The publication includes in this opportunity a revision to the main indicators related to the fulfillment of the Sustainable Development Objectives 2030 -ODS 2030- and raises the urgent need to make progress in a new fiscal agenda that allows the effective attention of these commitments in the short term.
"Structural weaknesses will continue to constrain Guatemala's economy and credit rating over the medium term"
From a press release by Fitch Ratings:
Fitch Ratings-New York-31 March 2017: Structural weaknesses will continue to constrain Guatemala's economy and credit rating over the medium term, says Fitch Ratings. Guatemala's growth rate will rise during 2017 as the effects of the 2015 political crisis gradually fade.
In 2016 the size of the governments in the Central American countries grew very little, the tax burden reached 14.3%, and the average fiscal deficit was about 2.8% of GDP.
From the department of Fiscal Outlook for Central America, from the report "Macrofiscal Profiles: 7th Edition", by the Central American Institute for Fiscal Studies (Icefi):
The 2017 budget drawn up by the government of Costa Rica is the result of an arithmetic exercise, where the political will of the Solis administration has barely reduced maintenance and has increased privileges in the dominant state corporations.
EDITORIAL
Scandalous could be the best word to describe the magnitude of the increase of 12% which the Solis Rivera administration has made in the 2017 public budget.The 12% increase not only far exceeds the projected inflation for this year, but is disproportionate and far from reality, considering the serious and urgent fiscal problem facing the country.
Growth and the external position have been boosted by low oil prices and strong remittances, while the fiscal deficit had declined. However, progress on social objectives is lagging. There are downside risks from global uncertainties and domestic policy constraints.
From the press release by the IMF:
On August 22, 2016, the Executive Board of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) concluded the Article IV consultation1 with Guatemala, and considered and endorsed the staff appraisal without a meeting.2
Without setting a date for a new proposal, the Executive has asked Congress to return the controversial bill.
After receivingcriticism because of the absence of reforms in the control and transparency of public expenditure, the Executive has requested the withdrawal from discussion in Congress of the tax reform bill, which aimed, among other things, to raise tax on the distribution of cement, mining and fuels.
The countries facing the greatest risk of fiscal unsustainability within three years are El Salvador and Honduras, followed by Costa Rica and with less risk, Nicaragua and Panama.
From the "EconomicOutlook"section of the V Report on the State of the Region 2016:
The tax reforms proposed by the Morales administration could include a new tax on telephony and increases in taxes on cement, hydropower and alcoholic beverages.
The amounts and characteristics of the taxes are still unknown, but at a meeting between representatives of Congress and the Executive Branch details were given on the productive activities that are included in the government proposal.
Arguing that the country's credit profile has overcome the political crisis in 2015, the agency has raised from negative to stable the outlook for sovereign debt notes, which still stand at Ba1.
From the press release by the IMF:
New York, June 30, 2016 -- Moody's Investors Service has today changed the outlook on Guatemala's ratings to stable from negative and affirmed the Ba1 government bond and issuer ratings.
Recognition is given to the efforts made in the fight against corruption and the resilience of the economy in the face of the political crisis in 2015, but it was noted that there are still vulnerabilities in the financial system.
From the report Article IV by the International Monetary Fund:
This note summarizes the findings and preliminary recommendations of the mission that visited Guatemala from May 18 to May 31 for the Article IV Consultation 2016. The mission wishes to thank the Guatemalan authorities for their outstanding cooperation and frank dialogue.
From 2014 to 2015 the size of central governments remained constant at an average 18.5% of gross domestic product (GDP).
From the introduction of the report: "Macrofiscal Profiles: 6th Edition" by the Central American Institute for Fiscal Studies (Icefi):
2015 proved to be a period of low tax advance for the Central American region. On average, the size of central governments remained constant compared to 2014, at 18.5% of gross domestic product (GDP). However, not all nations maintained this trend in the same way. While the governments of Nicaragua, Costa Rica and El Salvador, some of the largest fiscally in the region, continued to increase their participation in the economy, reporting increases of 1.5, 0.7 and 0.7% of GDP, respectively, the Government of Guatemala - one of the smallest in the world became even smaller, being reduced by 1.2% of GDP. For its part, the Government of Honduras reported a small decrease of 0.2% of GDP, fully converged with its policy of fiscal austerity, while that of Panama had a transient contraction of 1.4%, reflecting a reorganization established by the new administration and that, according to the plans for 2016, will be reversed in full.
As in old fashioned patriarchal homes, if there must be suffering, the first to suffer are the stepchildren, and only afterwards, if necessary, the legitimate children.
EDITORIAL
The announcement by the Solis administration that it has a plan B in case it does not manage to get legislative approval for the proposed tax increases designed to address the serious and growing fiscal deficit, highlights the existence in Costa Rica of first class citizens and second class citizens.