Facing the proposal of the authorities to abolish the banking secrecy in the country, businessmen of the industrial sector are opposed, because they argue that there are already legal procedures in the country to do it through a judge.
At a press conference on February 11, Finance Minister Rodrigo Chaves defended the proposal to access sensitive information from taxpayers and said that by lifting banking secrecy they were seeking to tackle tax evasion.
The Costa Rican Legislative Assembly approved in first debate the bill that creates a deposit guarantee fund and resolution mechanisms for the banking system.
The objectives of the deposit guarantee are to protect depositors, particularly small ones, and to strengthen financial stability in the event of a bankruptcy of an intermediary, through timely payments to insured depositors and maintaining confidence in the financial intermediation system is critical to avoid bank runs and protect financial stability, the legislative body explained.
Although The Central Bank has been reducing the monetary policy rate to boost the issuance of bank credit, the speed with which the portfolio of loans in national currency grows continues to decrease.
Official data from the country's financial system indicate that by October 2017 the portfolio of loans in local currency grew to 14%, in the same month of 2018 the rate fell to 6% and by the tenth month of 2019 the increase was just 4%.
The Basic Passive Rate decreased from 5.65% to 5.50%, while the Effective Rate in Dollars also decreased, from 2.52% to 2.33%.
The Central Bank of Costa Rica published the afternoon of Wednesday November 6 that after not registering variations the previous week, the Basic Passive Rate fell by 0.15%, and will remain at 5.50% until next Wednesday November 13.
In Costa Rica, the growth of credit granted in U.S. currency to the private sector is the lowest in a decade.
Credit to the private sector does not show signs of recovery and, instead, the data available until August show an additional deterioration that took it to its lowest point in 10 years, reporting a year-on-year fall of -0.01%.
Although the downward adjustments made months ago in the bank reserve and monetary policy rate do not yet appear to have had an effect on the loan portfolio in Costa Rica, banks expect credit to be reactivated soon.
Between January and April 2019, the number of debit cards circulating in the country fell 5%, from 6.03 million to 5.71 million, and the accumulated balance of accounts associated with these plastics fell by 3%.
Based on the information reported by the companies, up to April 30, 2019 there were a total of 5,719,387 cardholders in the domestic market. When comparing this amount with the data from the previous study, a decrease of 311,505 cardholders is registered, informed the Ministry of Economy, Industry and Commerce (MEIC).
In Costa Rica, the authorities will begin to regulate the fees that form part of the commissions, which are charged when an electronic payment is made.
After the Ministry of Economy, Industry and Commerce (MEIC) requested the Commission to Promote Competition (COPROCOM) on July 27, 2018, the investigation of the interbank rates market in the service of acquiring electronic payment methods, Opinion No. 16-2019 of June 11, 2019 was issued.
Not considering the costs of the collection process, nor market conditions, are some of the failures that banks identify in the bill being discussed in the Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica.
Late loans granted by public banks to small companies amounted to 5.5% in May, 3.8% in the case of medium-size companies and 3.3% in the case of large companies, a situation attributed to the economic slowdown.
The percentage of credits reported by the General Superintendence of Financial Entities (Sugef), refers to loans that went into default for more than 90 days and judicial collection, granted by public entities such as the National Bank, Banco de Costa Rica and Banco Popular.
With the aim of making the classification of debtors more flexible and reducing the risk of non-payment, in a context where delinquent loans keep on rising, Costa Rica authorized the modification of two regulations that apply to entities in the financial system.
The General Superintendence of Financial Entities (Sugef) and the National Council of Supervision of the Financial System (Conassif), informed that changes were made to the "Regulation for the qualification of debtors" and the "Regulation on management and evaluation of credit risk for the development banking system", which ultimately aim to give access to new credits to about 63 thousand people.
In order to boost credit issuance, the Central Bank reduced from 15% to 12% the minimum legal reserve rate that institutions in the banking system must maintain as a reserve.
The new rate, which will come into effect on June 16 of this year, has not been reduced since 2002, and the authorities expect that this decrease will generate a greater availability of loanable resources in colones, as well as a reduction, for financial institutions, of the cost of raising funds in national currency.
In Costa Rica, the banking sector won a lawsuit it imposed against the Ministry of Finance, arising from disagreements over the method used to calculate tax payments.
The legal dispute dates back several years, since in 2003 the General Directorate of Taxation (DGT) validated the methodology suggested by the Costa Rican Banking Association (ABC) to calculate the payment of taxes on the income of financial intermediaries. However, in 2005 the authorities reversed the decision.
In recent months, the credit portfolio of public and private banks in Costa Rica has been growing at a slower rate, partly because of high levels of indebtedness of the population.
According to figures from the Central Bank of Costa Rica, between October 2018 and March 2019 the year-on-year growth of credit has generally slowed, since the increase in the portfolio of private banks fell from 14% to 12%, in public banks the decline was from 1.37% to 0.75%, and in the case of other financial intermediaries the decline was from 8.86% to 6.97%.
Allowing the opening of branches of foreign banks in the country and creating a structure of consolidated supervision of the entire financial system is part of the reform proposed by the Alvarado administration in Costa Rica.
In March of this year, two bills were presented to the Legislative Assembly, one of them seeks that foreign banks can open branches in Costa Rica and the other includes several changes to the Securities Market Regulatory Law.
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