In this scenario of economic crisis, falling tax revenues and the need to finance recovery programs, in Guatemala and Costa Rica it is already proposed to increase current taxes and create new ones.
Guatemalan authorities are already beginning to discuss the fiscal policy they will apply in 2021, when the economy will have to face the effects of the economic crisis generated by the covid-19 outbreak.
The good functioning of the institution in charge of collecting taxes is vital for ensuring economic development, as it means that honest companies who comply with their fiscal obligations are not at a disadvantage to those who don't.
EDITORIAL
In Costa Rica, better administrative management has made possible better income tax collection figures than those foreseen with simple tax increases.
The analysis made by Fusades concludes that the bill aiming to collect tax debts allows assets to be seized before it has been proven that there is a real debt.
From a report by the Salvadoran Foundation for Economic and Social Development (FUSADES):
On April 6, 2016, the Minister of Finance submitted to the Legislature, with instructions from the President of the Republic and making use of the bill bestowed by the Constitution, a draft "Law for the collection of tax debts and fines owed to the State", consisting of 109 articles, divided into five titles.The project is still under study by the Commission of Treasury and Budget of the Legislative Assembly.
The 100 largest taxpayers registered with the Ministry of Finance paid tax equivalent to 2% of their annual gross income.
Representatives from the department stated that they will start investigating some companies this year who have reported losses or very low taxation, "... and for that reason, asked for a refund of income tax (ISR). If the investigations show any irregularity, we will monitor this type of business, said Minister Carlos Caceres to Elmundo.com.sv. "
The Government is debating whether to charge an additional tax of 1% on the price of fuel when the international price falls below $50 per barrel.
Under the law passed in 2009, if the price of a barrel of oil is less than $50 an additional 1% tax on the price of fuel will be automatically applied. Although the international price of oil is now trading at less than $50, the tax is not yet being charged.
It has been stated that the tax on returns generated from stock market operations has discouraged investment in the country and constitutes a disadvantage compared to neighboring markets.
This 20% tax on returns from each operation has become a competitive disadvantage for the country, as investors prefer tax free markets where they are fewer barriers to investment.
The average tax burden for the region is 13.4% of GDP, while the average public expenditure increased from 18.7% in 2013 to 19.2% at the end of 2014.
From the Introduction of the report Macrofiscal profiles in Central America, from Instituto Centroamericano de Estudios Fiscales (Icefi):
The fiscal situation has worsened in Central America in recent months, mainly due to a structural lack of sufficient resources to meet the needs of Central Americans and realize many of the commitments made by governments.
The private sector is opposed to the conditions in the third reform package the outgoing government intends to implement, claiming that state expenditures should be reduced first.
More control of public spending and no new taxes are the demands from employers to the government, which aims to increase government revenues with a third reform and the issuance of $800 million in bonds.