Authorities from both countries agreed that Costa Rica would accept avocado from Mexico, as long as it has a phytosanitary certificate indicating that the shipment is "symptom-free."
The State Phytosanitary Service (SFE) and the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock (MAG) of Costa Rica, managed to agree in December 2018 with the new Mexican authorities, the procedure to end almost four years of trade conflict, which emerged from the barriers imposed on the entry of avocado to the Costa Rican market.
Hass avocados from Mexico can be imported in containers, provided that they come certified as fruit containers that are free from the sunspot disease or from areas certified as free.
The proposal put forward by the State Phytosanitary Service (SFE) to the Committee on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures at the WTO, where the conflict between Costa Rica and Mexico is being resolved, establishes that the fruit may be imported in any of three circumstances: the fruit is sent with a certificate that guarantees that it does not have sunspot, with a certificate that comes from areas free of the disease, or where there is compliance with rules agreed bilaterally by the two countries.
Importers could assume the cost of a laboratory test to determine the absence of the sunblotch disease so that the SFE can authorize entry into the country.
The proposal was raised by the SFE in a meeting held with Mexican authorities in late February.
Randall Benavides, president of the Chamber of Exporters and Importers of Perishables, told Nacion.com that"...
In Costa Rica since the government suspended imports of Mexican avocados in May 2014, the average wholesale price of the fruit went up by 19% in 2015 and 16% last year.
Since the country stopped the imports of mexican avocados because of the alleged presence of the sunblotch plague, the price of this fruit in the local market has kept on rising.Although avocados are now imported from seven different countries, total imports have fallen 25% since then, and the average price has recorded since then an annual increase of 18%.
The ban on Mexican avocado has led to an increase in imports from Chile, raising its wholesale price by more than 30%, and will cause shortages when locally produced supplies have been exhausted.
Protectionism for the Costa Rican production of avocados introduced by the Solis administration, arguing phytosanitary measures, achieved results that benefited local producers, such as increasing the price of the product and a decline in import volumes (13,061 tons in 2013 vs . 11,187 in 2015). But what is good for the local producer, is bad for consumers who are forced to pay more for the fruit, as well as seeing their right to choose what to consume violated, and eventually being prevented from simply consuming anything at all because there is no supply.
This year 18 different species of citrus fruit came into the country from Uruguay among them oranges, tangerines, lemons, grapefruit and different hybrids for fresh consumption.
From a statement issued by the State Phytosanitary Service in Costa Rica:
The State Phytosanitary Service (SFE), the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock (MAG), conducted a Risk Analysis for Pests (ARP by its initials in Spanish) for opening the market to citrus fruits from Uruguay and will soon finalize the corresponding notifications to allow import of a variety of these fruits into the country.
According to the food industry chamber, the import ban on certain food products "does not conform to principles of reasonableness, technical criteria and political neutrality."
In a new attempt to reason with the authorities of the Ministry of Agriculture and the State Phytosanitary Service, the Costa Rican Chamber of the Food Industry (Cacia) asked President Solis to intervene to lift obstacles that have been imposed on the import of raw materials such as "... honey, potatoes, some varieties of spices, pork, fish, green bananas and jalapenos ..." as they are having problems entering the country.
Non-tariff restrictions applied by the Ministry of Agriculture put into practice its ultra protectionist philosophy, contradicting what the Ministry of Foreign Trade is doing, generating shortages and distorting the market.
An article in Nacion.com reports on how the Minister of Foreign Trade (Comex), Alexander Mora, "... criticized the lack of advanced warning from partner countries of Costa Rica, regarding recent sanitation blockages that prevent products being imported in those markets. "
From Mexico, where the sunblotch disease has been present for 100 years, Costa Rica imports 80% of the avocados it consumes, but has now banned imports, citing contamination risk.
An article on Elfinancierocr.com reports that the Mexican phytosanitary authorities questioned "... the basis of the decision made by the State Phytosanitary Service (SFE) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock (MAG) in Costa Rica to stop importing avocados from Mexico and seven more markets. " ... "Mexicans indicated that" ... in analyzing the arrangement to stop the importation of Mexican avocados there is a lack of "scientific evidence that justifies the decision of the SFE".
Warnings are being given of shortages in the market, after the Phytosanitary Service banned the import of the fruit from nine markets.
According to the director of the State Phytosanitary Service (SFE), at the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock (MAG), the decision to ban imports of avocados from Australia, Spain, Ghana, Guatemala, Israel, Mexico, South Africa, the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela and Florida, in the US, was taken to prevent the entry of the virus known as Sun Blotch, present in these markets. The Chamber of Importers of Perishables Products ensures that there will be a shortage because "... only 20% of total consumption (14,000 tonnes) are harvested in Costa Rica."
The Government is analysing whether to declare a shortage of beans and authorize the entry, of zero tariff grain from countries outside of Central America.
A study which quantifies purchase inventories that industrialists have made to local producers, will be used as a basis for the National Production Council (CNP) to determine the amount and type of grain to be imported and recommend to the institutions responsible whether they should declare a shortage. Once the declaration has been made and in accordance with the Act 8763, there would be no tariffs applied on the import of beans from countries outside of Central America with countries which have international treaties that are in force.
Costa Rican importers are demanding solutions after health checks prevented the entry of 20 thousand kilos of Nicaraguan red beans because they contained traces of soil.
The Nicaraguan union is complaining that the Costa Rican State Phytosanitary Service banned the entry of about 20 trucks carrying red beans after finding traces of dirt and sticks in the shipments.