As a result of the economic slowdown and the imbalance in public finances, Costa Rica faces a complex and high-risk future, in which the margins for action and maneuver will be increasingly limited.
The State of the Nation 2019 report explains that the economic slowdown and imbalance in public finances created a scenario of great complexity and risk, both economic and political, which aggravated the structural weaknesses or "blind spots" of the national development style.
Arguing that inflation expectations are within the target range, in Costa Rica the Central Bank decided to keep the monetary policy rate unchanged.
The last increase in the monetary policy rate was made in early November 2018, when the Central Bank of Costa Rica (BCCR) decided to raise it from 5% to 5.25%, arguing that forecasts suggest that inflation in 2019 could be above the upper limit of the target range.
The State of the Nation 2018 Report explains that during 2017 and the first months of 2018 the progress of Costa Rica's economy has been adverse and, in the short term, the prospects for economic opportunities, solvency and stability are negative.
Most of the drivers of Costa Rica's economy have declined in recent months, resulting in Costa Rica going through a period of multiple economic and political risks.
Arguing that the predictions suggest that inflation in 2019 could be above the upper limit of the target range, the Central Bank of Costa Rica decided to raise the monetary policy rate from 5% to 5.25%.
From the statement of the Central Bank of Costa Rica:
In spite of the economic progress that has been achieved in Costa Rica, employment growth has stagnated, results in education are deficient, and anti-competitive regulations continue to hinder business development.
The latest OECD economic study on Costa Rica details the factors that support the significant socio-economic achievements of the last decades, as well as the pending challenges to ensure sustainable and more inclusive growth.
Claiming that in the last few months inflation expectations have increased, the Central Bank has raised the monetary policy rate from 4.75% to 5%, from February 1st.
The Central Bank argues that the price of oil has maintained a bullish behavior since July 2017. This situation, with a backlog, is transferring to the local price of fuels, with a potential transmission in the coming months towards other prices.
For the sixth time in the year and arguing future inflationary pressures, the Central Bank has raised the monetary policy rate to 4.75% as of November 30.
Consulted on the matter by Nacion.com, economist Alberto Franco said that "...Before the absence of clear signs of greater inflationary pressures and a slowdown in local economic activity in recent months, this measure, in my opinion, could seek, fundamentally, to preserve the premium for investing in colones, in the face of a very likely increase in the reference rate of the Central Bank of the United States, the FED, in this next month of December."
In its review of the monetary program, the Central Bank has raised the expected economic growth rate for the biennium 2017-18, from 3.4% - 3.7%, to 3.7% - 4.1%.
From the executive summary of the report "Review of the 2017-18 monetary program" by the Central Bank:
The Board of Directors of the Central Bank of Honduras (BCH), in fulfillment of its powers, presents the Monetary Program (MP) Review 2017-2018 published in March of this year. This document contains an update of the macroeconomic framework for the aforementioned biennium, adapting it to thefirst half of year of the international and domestic economy, as well as to the latest perspectives on the world economy.
It is expected that economic growth will increase slightly to 5.1% in 2017, and about 5.5% in the medium term, supported by the expanded Canal and developing investment projects.
Panama’s economy is expected to remain among the most dynamic in the region. The economic outlook is favorable, albeit set against the backdrop of heightened external uncertainty. Panama’s growth model relies on its ability to remain a competitive and attractive destination for international financial, business, and transportation services. Continued progress with tax transparency and financial integrity are essential to preserve this growth model. Commitment to fiscal discipline and efforts to strengthen the fiscal framework and enhance institutional capacities contribute to ensuring sustainability, and need to be complemented by a comprehensive monitoring of fiscal risks. As a regional financial center, the comprehensive monitoring of systemic risks and a strong macroprudential and crisis management framework are important to safeguard financial stability.
According to Fitch Ratings the reelection of Daniel Ortega as president of Nicaragua means stability in the country's economic policies.
EDITORIAL
Stability and economic and political continuity is what Fitch Ratings envisages for Nicaragua after the outcome of the presidential elections last Sunday, in which President Daniel Ortega was declared the winner, with 70% of the vote, according to a report by the Supreme Electoral Council.
In the fourth quarter of 2015, the Nicaraguan economy recorded growth of 6.6% and an average annual growth of 4.9% in the original data, according to the preliminary estimate of quarterly GDP (PIBT by its initials in Spanish).
Economic growth will range between 3.3% and 3.7% in 2016, led by banking, communications, agriculture, manufacturing, and recovery in the construction sector.
From a statement issued by the Central Bank:
The Board of the Central Bank of Honduras (BCH) in fulfilling its tasks, on February 17, 2016 by Resolution No.56-2 / 2016, approved the 2016-2017 Monetary Programme, which contains guidelines and policy actions, related to credit and exchange in the country, to be implemented in this biennium, based on the recent national macroeconomic performance and behavior and outlook for the world economy.
Increased borrowing costs, a disincentive to foreign investment and distrust of economic performance, are part of the expected scenario if public debt growth is not controlled.
Prensalibre.com reports that "... The draft budget for 2015 presented by the Ministry of Finance, amounting to $9.250 million (Q71 thousand 840.8 million), contemplates taking on new debt of about $2 billion (Q15 billion), of which $1.6 billion (Q12 thousand 334 million) came from bonds and loans. "
The Monetary Board, at its meeting on June 25, decided to lower the monetary policy leader rate from 4.75% to 4.50%
Among the arguments given by the authorities of the Central Bank of Guatemala were "... the behavior of the price of raw materials such as corn and wheat products which are holding a downward trend ... and the rising oil price."
On the domestic side the monetary authority said that "...
The new government in El Salvador is keeping almost the same ministerial team as the Funes administration, ensuring the continued deterioration of the economy and lack of eligibility for investment.
EDITORIAL
Unfortunately "dedollarization" has been ruled out by the elected President Sanchez Ceren, which, as the next president lamented, implies that "you cant resort to a monetary policy." Our opinion is -on the contrary- that formal dollarization in force in El Salvador is a barrier to greater government fiscal outrages.
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