During 2020, companies in the region bought corn abroad for $998 million, 5% more than what was reported in 2019, a variation that is explained by the increase in imports from Nicaragua, Guatemala, Honduras, Panama and Costa Rica.
Figures from the Trade Intelligence Unit of CentralAmericaData: [GRAFICA caption="Click to interact with the graph"]
In order to supply the deficiency of the local market, the Ministry of Economy authorized the import of 75 thousand metric tons of white corn, which will be subject to a zero tariff.
The May 21 edition of the Diario de Centroamerica published Ministerial Agreement 232-2021, by means of which the Ministry of Economy authorizes the import of white corn, tariff code 1005.90.30.00.
From January to September 2020, companies in the region bought corn abroad for $753 million, 10% more than what was reported in the same period of 2019, a variation that is explained by the rise in imports from Nicaragua, Guatemala, Honduras and Panama.
Figures from the Trade Intelligence Unit of CentralAmericaData: [GRAFICA caption="Click to interact with the graph"]
Because yellow corn is imported from the United States at a price of $11 per quintal in Nicaragua and the cost of producing a quintal of sorghum locally is $12.5, competition for local producers is nearly impossible.
Nicaragua is part of the Dominican Republic-Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement, an agreement that allows yellow corn from the United States to enter the local market free of tariffs.
From January to June 2020, the region's companies bought corn abroad for $525 million, 20% more than reported for the same period in 2019, a variation that is explained by the increase in imports from all Central American markets.
Figures from the Trade Intelligence Unit of CentralAmericaData: [GRAFICA caption="Click to interact with graph"]
Although the volume of corn, beans, and rice harvested is projected to increase in El Salvador by 2020, producers' expectations are not encouraging, since prices have fallen to levels insufficient to cover costs due to the import of basic grains.
Forecasts by the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock (MAG) indicate that this year the country's corn harvest will grow by 11%, beans by 30% and rice by 20%.
From January to September 2019, companies in the region bought corn abroad for $685 million, 12% more than reported for the same period in 2018, a rise that is explained by the behavior of imports in Nicaragua, El Salvador and Guatemala.
Figures from the Trade Intelligence Unit at CentralAmericaData: [GRAFICA caption="Click to interact with graphics"]
Agricultural producers report that the smuggling of corn from Mexico has increased in recent years, and it is estimated that currently the consumption of grain entering illegally accounts for 25% of total demand.
According to farmers, smuggled corn competes unfairly with local production, since in Mexico producers enjoy tax exemptions and state subsidies.
During the first quarter of the year, corn imports from companies in the region reached $194 million, 15% more than reported in the same period of 2018.
Figures from the Trade Intelligence Unit of CentralAmericaData: [GRAPHIC caption="Click to interact with graphic"]
Between January and September 2018, corn imports from countries in the region totaled $612 million, 13% more than what was purchased in the same period in 2017.
Figures from the Trade Intelligence Unit at CentralAmericaData: [GRAFICA caption="Click to interact with graphics]
Until 31 December 2019, yellow corn may be imported duty-free, and from 1 January 2020, a tariff rate of 40% will apply.
For the decision, the government argued in the decree published in the Gaceta that "... the production of meat, milk and eggs is produced, for the most part, from corn-based feed, which represents a little more than 65% of the total cost of meat production, especially in the production of chickens and pigs.
Between January and June 2018, maize imports from countries in the region totaled $380 million, and 51% were bought by companies in Guatemala and Costa Rica.
Figures from the Trade Intelligence Unit at CentralAmericaData: [GRAFICA caption="Click to interact with graphic"]
Corn imports from the countries of the region reached $168 million between January and March of this year, 6% more than what was reported in the same period of 2017.
Figures from the information system of the Corn Market in Central America, from the Trade Intelligence Area of CentralAmericaData: [GRAFICA caption="Click to interact with graphic"]